<lines> = [%;.;$;*;<begin>,<end>] where %=all lines, .=current line, $=last line
                                        *=visual highlighted

special characters: \r carriage return, \n end-of-line, \s space, \t tab
(during edit modes) Ctrl-[v;q][Esc;Ctrl-<char>;<dec>] = [^[; ^<char>; <ascii>]
                    Ctrl-k<char><char> = <digraph>

to limit characters per line : ":set tw=79"
to insert line numbers       : ":<lines>g/^/exe "s/^/".line(".")"
to replace tabs with spaces  : ":retab"
to remove trailing spaces    : ":%s/\s\+$/"
to remove trailing ^M        : ":set ff=unix" and write
to change highlighting       : ":set ft=<type>" where <type> is
                                programming: [asm;basic;c;cpp;cs;d;java;vb]
                                program_alt: [python;ruby;verilog;vhdl]
                                       misc: [conf;dosini;make;registry;spice;tex;vim]
                                     script: [awk;dosbatch;maple;matlab;perl]
                                      shell: [csh;sh;tcsh;zsh]
                                        web: [aspvbs;html;php;xhtml;xml]

Basic commands
==============
[Shift-]i          Insert [places cursor at start-of-line]
[Shift-]o          Insert line after current line [before current line]
[Shift-]a          Append [places cursor at end-of-line]
Shift-r            Replace (same as toggling Insert)
[Shift-]s          Substitude character [cut whole line]; same as 'r' remain in normal mode
Shift-c            Cut from cursor to last character of line
x                  Delete character
u                  Undo
Ctrl-r             Redo
:browse <func>     Opens directory browser window
:e! <file>         Open <file> for editing (! reload file)
:[v]split <file>   Split window to edit <file> [vertical split];
                     default current file 'Ctrl-w[v;s]'
:[v]new            Split window to new file [vertical split]
:<lines>w! <file>  Write <lines> to <file> (! override read-only); default current file
:q!                Quit (! without saving, same as 'ZQ')
:x                 Same as write and quit ':wq' or 'ZZ'

<num>d[d;w;$]      Cut <num> [lines; words; until end-of-line]
<num>y[y;w;$]      Copy <num> [lines; words; until end-of-line]
[Shift-]p          Paste below current line or on right of cursor
                     [above current line or on left of cursor]

[/;?][\c;\<;\>]<search>        Search [forward; backward] for <search>;
                                 [case-insensitive; start-of-word; end-of-word]
                                 '[Shift-]n' to continue next/prev
[g]Shift-[3;Rclick][8;Lclick]  [Partial] Search for word under cursor
                                 [search in reverse order]

:<lines>[d;y]                   Select lines to [cut; copy]
:<lines>s/<search>/<replace>/g  Search & replace (global line)
:s                              Repeat last substitution on current line
:<lines>g!/<search>/<cmd>       Search & perform command (! <search> not match; same as :v)
                                  <cmd> = [d;y]
:s                              Repeat last substitution on current line
g[~;U;u]iw                      Word [toggle; upper; lower] case

Navigation & selection
======================
0                    Go to start-of-line
Shift-6              Go to first non-blank character of line
Shift-4              Go to end-of-line
g_                   Go to last non-blank character of line
<num>Shift-g         Go to line <num>; 'H' for top, 'M' for middle,
                       'L' for last line of screen
gg                   Go to first line, first non-blank character
Shift-g              Go to last line, first non-blank character
[w,b]                Scroll beginning word-by-word (same as Shift-right arrow) [forward;
                       backward]
[e,ge]               Scroll end word-by-word [forward; backward]
[(;)]                Scroll beginning sentence-by-sentence [backward; forward]
[{;}]                Scroll end paragraph-by-paragraph [backward; forward]
Ctrl-e               Scroll down one-line
Ctrl-y               Scroll up   one-line
Ctrl-d               Scroll down half-page
Ctrl-u               Scroll up   half-page
Ctrl-f               Scroll down full-page (same as Shift-down arrow)
Ctrl-b               Scroll up   full-page (same as Shift-up arrow)
v                    Visual highlighting => 'd' deletes highlighted characters
                                         => 'Shift-d' cuts lines
Ctrl-v               Visual block highlighting => 'Shift-i<type><Esc>' inserts highlighted
                                               => 'Shift-a<type><Esc>' appends highlighted
                                               => 'Shift-d' cuts until end-of-lines
                                               => ':d' cuts lines (works for visual too)
                                               => 'gq' or 'gw' justifies textwidth
                                               => 'r<char>' replaces all characters
m<char>              Mark cursor position
[`;']<char>          Go to marked cursor [position; start-of-line]
Ctrl-[o;i]           Go to [last; next] cursor position

Ctrl-w[w;arrow]          Switch window focus [default order; according to direction]
Ctrl-w[r;x]              [Rotate; exchange window]
Ctrl-w[=;+-;<>;Ctrl-_;|] Resize windows [all same; height; width; max height; max width]

Special functions
=================
.                        Repeat last keystrokes
Ctrl-a                   Repeat last keystrokes (during edit modes)
q<char>                  Start recording keystrokes; 'q' stops recording
Shift-2<char>            Playback recorded keystrokes
<num>gqq                 Justify textwidth
Ctrl-[a;x]               [Increment; decrement] number under cursor
Ctrl-w                   Word deletion (during insert mode)
Ctrl-[n;p]               Word completion [next; previous] (during edit modes)
Ctrl-x,Ctrl-l,Ctrl-[n;p] Line completion (during edit modes)
Ctrl-x,Ctrl-t,Ctrl-[n;p] Thesaurus completion (during edit modes)
[0;^]Ctrl-[t;d]          Indent [forward; backward] (during edit modes);
                           delete all indent [restore indent on next line]
Ctrl-[y;e]               Duplicate character [above; below] cursor (during edit modes)
[=]Shift-5               Detect bracket ends [C-indent autofix code block]
ga                       Display ASCII value of character under cursor
g,Ctrl-g                 Display cursor position, word & byte count
[g]J                     Joins current line with next line [do not insert/remove spaces]
z[Shift-]a               Open/close fold under cursor [recursively]
!!                       Execute shell command
Shift-k                  Man page on cursor word
:r <file>                Insert <file> contents
:help <topic>            Vim Help; 'Ctrl-d' to view all possibilities
[Shift-]f<char>          Finds next [prev] <char> on current line; useful for delimiter
                           characters (periods, colons, etc.)