3.1 Introduction

Author of Machine Curve, Christian Versloot, lays out the relationships between data structures, business, mathematics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning in the diagram below:

Versloot provides a detailed description of each main area of the diagram, which is an excellent read when you have ample time to digest it. Here is a brief overview to keep handy during the course, as these terms will popup often:

• Data science is about bridging the gap between data technology and data driven problems by bringing a good technological understanding & business-/problem-oriented mentality to the table;
• Artificial intelligence is about making machines intelligent – the goals may vary from superintelligence to very task-specific intelligence;
• Machine learning is about learning from data without explicit human programming, but with human-configured features;
• Deep learning makes the feature learning process autonomous. For this, the field uses very complex algorithms;
• Big data is about the characteristics of the data – volume, velocity, variety, veracity (and maybe variability) – and the value it may provide, but less about technology. Big data may be applied within any field, like ecology, astronomy, meteorology, but also in business. Business analytics tends to focus on applying data about past events to a business problem in order to learn for the future.

© 2017 Machine Curve

Learn more by viewing Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence.

To improve their big data projects developers must gather lots and lots of data. One method is through Data Mining, which is explained in the following video.

3.2 Set up the Template and Reading List.

Use the following template link to complete this research and writing assignment.

1. Login to your OSU Google Account.
2. Launch this chapter's
   • Sec 400 Explore Topics Template.
   • Honors 001 Expore Topics Template.
3. Do not request permission to use the file. Login to your OSU Google Account.
4. Once you have the file open:
   1. File → Make a copy.
   2. Rename the new file so it includes your "First and Last name" in place of "Template".
   3. Move the file into a folder for this course.
5. Add your name to the cover page.
6. Read instructions on the cover page. When in doubt about how to write in the templates, refer back to this page for clarification.
7. Refer to the green instructions below each page to understand what is required.
8. The last page requires a bibliography.

Reading List

Refer to writing instructions under each page of the template. Open articles in new tabs and add them to your bibliography tool.

1. Software Development Methodologies:
   • Your Guide to Innovation and Design Methods.
   • Pros and Cons of Open Source Software in Business.
   • The Emergence of Cyberpsychology
   • Edge Computing Trends for 2020 and the Next Decade
   • The Rise of Low-Code: 2020 and Beyond
2. Data Acquisition and Retention:
   • AI researchers have a plan to pay patients for data.
   • Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence (USA 2019)
   • How Crowdsourcing Is Shaping the Future of Everything.
   • Citizen Science. Center for Innovative Research in Cyberlearning.
   • Google still keeps a list of everything you ever bought using Gmail, even if you delete all your emails.
   • ‘Scraping’ Is Just Automated Access, and Everyone Does It
   • Apple's Tim Cook: You Deserve Privacy Online. Here’s How You Could Actually Get It.
   • Seven Best Practices for Keeping Sensitive Data Out of Logs
   • Public Info Doesn’t Always Want to Be Free.
3. Online Advertising:
   • The Algorithms Behind Digital Advertising
   • Political Manipulation and Internet Advertising Infrastructure (Click the Download PDF button; may require OSU Library login.)
   • Online Advertising: Crash Course Media Literacy #7.
   • 4 AI Trends Set To Accelerate In 2021
4. Facial Recognition:
   • Will there be federal facial recognition regulation in the US? (2021)
   • Facial Recognition Moves Into a New Front: Schools. (2020)
   • AI cameras sold to schools in New York struggle with people of color and are full of false positives.
   • Facial Recognition Technology Is Being Used To Find Missing Children
   • App developers help find missing persons through crowdsourcing (China 2020)
5. Laws and Regulatory Organizations:
   • Information Transparency and Personal Data Control Act (Mar 2021)
   • 10 Data Protection Regulations You Need to Know About
   • S.734 - Internet of Things Cybersecurity Improvement Act of 2019
   • Tech Policy Trends 2020: Did We Get Them Right?
   • USA Data Protection Laws and Regulations
   • Lawful Access to Encrypted Data Act (proposed in June 2020)
   • Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
   • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
   • Partnership on AI
   • CyberOregon
   • Strategic Recommendations for Federal Citizen Science and Crowdsourcing.
   • Truth in Advertising laws.

3.3 Edit, download, and submit the file.

1. Ctrlc or ⌘c Copy the bibliographic entries you made during the Explore Topics reading and research. On the last page of the template, Ctrlv or ⌘v paste in the bibliographic entries. Select the list and apply the bullet or numbered list icon. Update the font size to 14 if necessary. Add more pages if necessary.
2. Check and correct grammar and spelling using the built-in functions.
3. From the File menu, choose Download as PDF.
4. Check to confirm that hyperlinks work in the new PDF file. If they do not work, then in the Assignment Commenting Box, leave a note stating which platform, operating system, and browser you used to print or download the PDF file.
5. Copy the file to a backup folder on your hard drive.
6. Submit the PDF file by uploading it in the Canvas Assignment screen.
7. Confirm that your file has uploaded by looking for the document icon in the Grades area.

Examine a case where poorly developed software or data implementation caused serious problems. Write/discuss from a factual and critical perspective. Analyze the major player(s) in relation to an ethical theory. Counter another student's analysis with more research.

3.4 Participate in the Group Discussion.

1. Pick a case to study from the list below (scroll through the many choices).
   Or, view IEEE Spectrum's 2021 Cybersecurity and IT Failures Roundup.
   
   
2. Four days before the Due date, start writing in a word processing document to synthesize what you learned about the case. Use research, including what you find in the SmartNews feed, library journals, broadcast news, etc.
   • In the first line of your post, state the name of the case you're writing about.
   • In paragraph 1, describe and cite one of the major players in the case. Who did what when, how, and why?
   • In paragraph 2, name, cite, and describe at least one law or regulation that was broken in the case.
   • In paragraph 3, describe and cite the positive and negative consequences of that person's actions in relation to historical, political, and economic perspectives.
   • In paragraph 4, analyze the person's actions using one of the ethical theories or approaches ...were they morally and ethically justified or not? Cite the theory/approach.
   • Check the word count (150+ per paragraph, not counting the author names or article titles).
   • Check the hyperlinks (they must be in article titles, law names, or theory/approach names).
   • Spellcheck, fix grammar, then Ctrlc or ⌘c to copy the paragraphs.
   • Click the Chapter 3 Examine a Case Discussion in Canvas.
   • Ctrlv or ⌘v to paste the copied text into a Reply thread (click the Reply field to activate the editing box).
   • Save your thread.
3. Before the Due date, reply to at least one person in your group.
   • In paragraph 1, discuss a counter-argument related to their analysis of the case. Describe and cite an article that supports your argument.
   • Choose a different topic to counter. The counter-argument should not focus on the same information you provided in your own initial post.
   • Check the word count (150+ not counting the author names or article titles).
   • Save your thread.

If you have questions about using the template, the research prompts, or writing conventions, you can share your file with the instructor.

Share a file from a cloud drive.

In order for others to see your working file without having to download or ask for account permission, provide a sharing URL/address so they can look at it live. Paste the URL into the Canvas Inbox message or Assignment Comment box.

1. Sign in to the OSU Google Drive. Provide your ONID userID and password.
2. Create your file on the OSU Google Drive.
3. Click the Sharing button at the top right of the screen.
4. Click the Advanced link on the lower right corner.
5. Click the Change link to view the choices.
6. Change the settings so that On - Anyone at Oregon State University with the link and Can view are selected.
7. Copy the resulting URL/address.
   
8. Paste the resulting URL into a Canvas Inbox message to the instructor (or if you have already submitted your file, provide it in the Assignment Commenting box).

Work offline without Wi-fi (Google applications)

If you will be out of wi-fi range, feel free to work on your Google files offline.

1. Click the blue Docs icon (or orange Slides or green Sheets icon).
2. Select the file(s) to use offline.
3. Select the 3-dot More menu
4. Toggle on the Available Until button.
5. Look at the list of files to view the new Available Offline icon next to the file name.

Writing Tutors

Consult one or more of these resource for a review of the structure of your writing, grammar, and spelling. Provide the tutor with a link to the instructions as well as your project online.

TutorMe's Writing Lab

Access online tutoring from inside Canvas. 3-hour turnaround.

OSU Online Writing Suite

Electronic feedback from home, asynchronous email consultation, or synchronous Skype consultation.

OSU Undergrad Research & Writing Studio

Drop in writing help with no wait times. Standard hours are:
Monday to Thursday → 10:00am to 10:00pm
Friday → 10:00am to 5:00pm, and
Sunday → 2:00pm to 7:00pm.

OSU Academic Integrity Tutorials

Citing sources and using TurnItIn.

Use the Service Desk if you have computer, ONID, or Canvas problems.

But first:

1. Logout.
2. Close the browser and relaunch it.
3. Login to OSU.
4. Still have problems? Contact Service Desk.